The December 1997 Caldicott Report identified weaknesses in the way parts of the NHS handled confidential patient data.
The report made several recommendations, one of which was the appointment of Caldicott Guardians, members of staff with a responsibility to ensure patient data is kept secure (see Caldicott Manual for Guardians, Nov 2006).
Please note that the NHS Confidentiality Code of Practice now provides the most up-to-date guidance on patient confidentiality.